ABSTRACT

Background: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder that is frequently accompanied by several comorbidities, making it complicated and challenging to manage. Sleep disturbance is one of the ADHD comorbidities with complex, multi-directional, and multifactorial relationships.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors that influence sleep disturbance in ADHD children.

Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at Soerojo Hospital, involving 60 children under aged 6-15 years who had been diagnosed with ADHD using DSM-5 criteria, at the child and adolescent mental health department, outpatient clinic of Soerojo Hospital, Central Java in May 2022 - October 2022. Data collected by purposive sampling technique, using validated and reliable Indonesian version of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors that are influencing sleep disturbance.

Results: A total of  60 ADHD children in this study, sleep disturbance prevalence was 12 (20%). Sleep hyperhidrosis (13%) was the most common sleep disturbance type, followed by disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep  (3%) and sleep breathing (3%) then disorders of excessive somnolence (1%).  Based on bivariate analysis we found that the factors that influence sleep disturbance in ADHD children were Asthma (ρ-=0.025) and epilepsy (ρ-=0.037).

Conclusion: Prevalence of sleep disturbance in ADHD children is relatively high. Asthma and epilepsy were significant influences on increased sleep disturbance incidents in children with ADHD. Early screening for sleep disturbance in  ADHD children and its influencing factors is necessary to provide effective prevention and treatment.

Keywords:  Sleep disturbance, ADHD, SDSC, influencing factors.